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BMV, "bayerish Of motoren To verke", (BMW, Bayerisch Motoren Werke AG), German automobile company for the production of passenger and sport automobiles, automobiles of the increased passability and motorcycles. The headquarters is located in Munich.

V 1913 in the North outskirts of Munich Karl rapp and Gustav Otto, son of the inventor of the internal combustion engine of Nicolaus avgusta Otto, create two small aircraft-engine firms. The begun First World War immediately brought numerous orders for the engines for the aircraft. Rapp and Otto decide to be combined into one aircraft-engine plant. So in Munich appears the plant of aircraft engines, which during July 1917 is recorded by the name Bayerische Motoren Werke ("Bavarian motor plants") - BMW. this date it is customary to assume as the year of base BMW, and Karl rappa and Gustav Otto by her creators.

After the end of the First World War firm proved to be on the threshold of crash, since according to the Versailles agreement to Germans they forbade to produce engines for the aircraft, namely engines at that time were the only production BMW. but enterprising Karl rapp and Gustav Otto finds a way out situation - plant will be converted to the production of first motorcycle engines, and then motorcycles themselves. Vy9и from plant BMW leaves the first motorcycle R32. on motosalone of 1923 in Paris this first motorcycle BMW it immediately conquered the reputation of high-speed and reliable machine, what was confirmed by absolute speed records at the international motorcycle races of the 20th - the 30ths it was annual.

Simultaneously develop the engine "Motor-4", whose final assembling is produced in other countries of Europe. In 1919 Franz dimer on the aircraft with this engine, after reaching the altitude 9760 it is meter, establishes the first world record BMW. production it obtains additional pulse after the conclusion of secret agreement with Soviet Russia about the delivery by it of the newest aircraft engines. The majority of the Soviet record overflights of the 30th were annual executed on the aircraft, equipped with engines BMW.

V 1928 firm it acquires auto works in Ayzenakhe (Thuringia), and together with them and license to the production of the small-displacement motor vehicle Dixi (this it was the license English Austin 7). Its production begins from 1929. Dixi - the first automobile BMW. in the period of the economic difficulties of malolitrazhka becomes the most popular automobile of Europe. At the beginning World War II BMW - one of is most the dynamically developing firms of peace, which lets out technology with the sport orientation. In its active membership several world records: Vol'fg.ang to von grona on the open seaplane Dornier Wal, equipped with engine BMW, crosses the North Atlantic from the east to the West, Ernst khenne in motorcycle R12, equipped with cardan drive, hydraulic shock absorbers and telescopic fork (invention BMW), establishes world speed record for the motorcycles - 279,5 km/h, not exceeded by anyone for the subsequent 14 years.

Vy9ee is begun the production of the model "303" - the first automobile BMW with the 6- drum engine. In 1936 on BMW is let out famous by "328" - one of the most successful sport automobiles. With its appearance finally was formed ideology BMW, to this day determining the concept of the new models: "automobile - for the driver". However, basic competitor, "Mercedes- Benz", follow the principle: "automobile - for the passengers". Since then each firm goes by its way, proving, that precisely its selection is correct.

Conqueror of great many competitions - annular races, ralli, contests in the raising to the hill, BMW 328 was addressed to the experts of sport automobile and left far behind all series sport machines.

Begun war leads to the stopping of the production of automobiles. Priority again returns to aircraft engines. In 1944 BMW first in the world begins the production of the jet engine BMW 109-003. Are conducted also the tests of rocket engines. The end World War II became catastrophe for the concern. Four plants, proven to be in the eastern zone of occupation, are destroyed and dismantled. Main plant in Munich is dismantled by Englishmen. In connection with the production during the war of aircraft engines and rockets the conquerors izdayut order about the prohibition of production for three years.

I Karl rapp and Gustav Otto, those not changed their love for engine mountings, decide to again begin increasingly from zero. Is developed the 1- drum motorcycle R24, which was being gathered in the workshops practically homemade. It becomes the first postwar article BMW. in 1951 it appears and the first postwar passenger automobile of the model of "501". However, it does not bring financial success.

V 1955 begins the production of models R 50 and R 51, the opening new generation motorcycles with the completely spring-loaded undercarriage, leave malolitrazhka Of "isetta", strange symbiosis of motorcycle with the machine. Three-wheeled machine with the door, which is opened forward on the motion, enjoyed enormous success in poor postwar Germany. But because of the subsequent then enthusiasm by large limousines and losses connected with this firm occurs on the threshold of crash. This is the only case during entire history BMW, when economic situation was incorrectly counted and the machines rejected for the market did not have a demand. A question about sale of firm arises. "Mercedes- Benz" it hurried to declare about its purchase, but this prevented small shareholders, workers of firm, her commercial agents.

After reconstructing the structure of capital, BMW it is possible to continue its activity. For the third time firm begins everything anew. From the plant leaves Bmw-1500, that opened the new class of sport- compact automobiles. This was the beginning of lift to the apex of automobile construction.

Last thirtieth anniversary became for BMW the thirtieth anniversary of victories. Are opened new plants, is let out first in the world series turbomodel' "2002-turbo", the anti-blanking brake system, with which now all leading autos-producer equip their automobiles, is created. The first electronic engine control is developed. Vy98e Nelson peak on automobile Brabham BMW becomes the champion of peace in the races "formula -1". In Munich the building of the headquarters of concern is constructed, while in Ashkhayme is opened the first quality-control and testing range. Scientific research center is built for designing the new models. In 1970- e the years appear the first automobiles of the famous series BMW - model of the 3rd series, 5th series, 6th series, 7th series.

V 1969 bmw transfer the production of motorcycles into Berlin. Begins the production of a new series of motorcycles -"oppozitov". In 1976 on motorcycle R100 RS for the first time is established full-scale fairing. In 1983 it is let out by one of the most popular models of motorcycles - Ky00 with the 4- drum row engine with the liquid cooling and by fuel injection. Per year of the century of motorcycle, into 1985, the plant in Berlin manufactures more than 37 thousand motorcycles. The presentation of motorcycle K 1 occurs in 1989.

V of the reunification of Germany concern, after establishing firm BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH, returns to its roots, released on the field of aircraft engine production, and in 1991 presents the new aircraft engine Br -700. in the beginning of the 90th it is annual at the market they appear the sport compact automobiles of the third generation of the 3rd series and sleeping compartment of the eighth series.

Not bad step for the firm became purchase into 1994 for 2,3 billion German stamps of the industrial group Rover Group ("Rover of groups"), and together with it and the largest in Great Britain complex on the production of the automobiles of brands Rover, Land Rover and MG with the purchase of this firm the list of automobiles BMW was supplemented by the missing automobiles of supersmall class and by extra-roads builder.

From 1995 in the series assembly of all automobiles BMW is included the air cushion of safety for the front passenger and the system of the anticreep blocking of engine. During March of the same year is started into the production the specialist (touring) of the 3rd series. New automobile was characterized by not only contemporary design, but also quite foremost technology. Thus, for instance, for the first time in the automobile construction undercarriage was almost wholly prepared from aluminum. In 1996 model BMW Z3 of the 7th series is for the first time equipped with Diesel engine. The additional advertisement to automobile creates the film "gold eye", in which to Z3 travels the superspy 007 James Bond.

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